1) The hypodermic needle is a theory in which people believe that aspects of media is used to help generate emotions and influence behaviours to the consumer/viewer in a negative way (can lead to dangerous actions or activities).
There are many ways that the theory had been implemented. One way in which that the article links with the hypodermic needle is one the most interesting debate in terms of relating with the youth. It involves the psychological members of the study firmly with the belief that video games (part of the media) influences peoples/gamers (especially the youth) to become aggressive. This is apparent in the line, "In the same way, repeated exposure to violent video games may have a cumulative effect on aggression". This quote conveys the fact that Professor Bushman believes that exposure to excessive violent games will increase levels of aggression than compared to the level before interaction with violent games. The powerful word 'repeated' illustrates the consistency that playing violent video games will lead to negative influences on the players social life. As a result, the information and beliefs of the data collectors believe that the media controls ones mind and can lead to them becoming out of control which can result in negative events or actions upon other peoples lives.
The article link in with the hypodermic needle because the researchers believe that the media is controlling the person consuming it. In this context, they believe whoever play violent video games for long period of time (per week) are more likely to show signs of increase aggression. This is apparent in the line, "After playing a violent video game, we found that people expect others to behave aggressively". This quote reveals peoples end result to how the media effects us individuals and how we behave after consuming the media (in this case; video games). The use of a powerful word 'expect' suggests that the media that the individual consumes would also change their mind set into thinking differently. As a result, the article is an example of how people treat the media as an example of the hypodermic model.
2) The coverage of the TalkTalk hacking case relates well to the hypodermic needle model as the newspaper is able to go directly to the individuals that read them and it's very effective as the front page is what delivers the information before it's read. Many readers may be influenced by news which is the objective of the hypodermic needle. Someone may criticise this front page as the title is rather misleading with the word 'paralysed' but also the image makes the 15 year boy look worse than he is. In my opinion he did something right by exploiting the company for its flaws rather than being a criminal though the media will make him look bad to everyone else (e.g: black bar on face)
Two Step Model
1) I personally think that the two-step model is still very much relevant today since the increased use of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, but more importantly the followings of celebrities on it where they're capable of voicing their opinions means that members of public are likely to be affected by their views. The celebrities that have a certain hold in media can influence the audience.
2) The model fits for this YouTuber as by having over 2 million subscribers and also making videos based on his opinion on certain issues within gaming, it's inevitable that some people won't be influenced by his views, perhaps even changing their own after watching the video.
3)The two-step model also works in this case since it shows that as mentioned before, celebrities on it, who can arguably be referred to as 'media leaders', have even reached levels of influence which ascends that of actual politicians within nations.
4) Jamal Edwards links to the model as he has more of an inspirational influence, in that his personal story can spur on people within his audience to become distributors of actual content themselves.
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